Chemicals Known to the State to Cause Cancer or Reproductive Toxicity (Proposition 65 list)
OEHHA (California EPA) · 28 juin 2019
Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment
https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-listA U.S. population dietary exposure assessment for 4-methylimidazole (4-MEI) from foods containing caramel colour and from formation of 4-MEI through the thermal treatment of food
Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A · 21 août 2018
Folmer D. E., Doell D. L., Lee H. S., Noonan G. O., Carberry S. E.
https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2018.1508892Contact allergy and intolerance to sulphite compounds: clinical and occupational relevance
Allergo Journal International · 2017
Haeberle M., Geier J., Mahler V.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40629-016-0003-xCaramel color in soft drinks and exposure to 4-methylimidazole: a quantitative risk assessment
PLoS ONE · 18 février 2015
Smith T. J., Wolfson J. A., Jiao D., Crupain M. J., Rangan U., Sapkota A., Bleich S. N., Nachman K. E.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.01181384-Methylimidazole. In: Some Chemicals Present in Industrial and Consumer Products, Food and Drinking-Water (IARC Monographs Volume 101)
IARC / WHO · 2013
IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK373183/Questions & Answers on Caramel Coloring and 4-MEI
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) · 2013
U.S. Food and Drug Administration
https://www.fda.gov/food/food-additives-petitions/questions-answers-about-4-meiRefined exposure assessment for caramel colours (E 150a, c, d)
EFSA Journal · 19 décembre 2012
European Food Safety Authority
https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2012.3030Carcinogenicity and regulation of caramel colorings
International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health · 1 juillet 2012
Jacobson M. F.
https://doi.org/10.1179/1077352512Z.00000000031Lab tests find carcinogen in regular and diet Coke and Pepsi
Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI) · 5 mars 2012
Center for Science in the Public Interest
https://www.cspinet.org/new/201203051.htmlScientific Opinion on the re-evaluation of caramel colours (E 150a,b,c,d) as food additives
EFSA Journal · 8 mars 2011
EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS)
https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2011.2004Petition to Bar the Use of Caramel Colorings Produced with Ammonia and Containing the Carcinogens 2-Methylimidazole and 4-Methylimidazole
Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI) · 16 février 2011
Center for Science in the Public Interest
https://www.cspinet.org/sites/default/files/attachment/caramel_coloring_petition.pdfLong-term dietary exposure to different food colours in young children living in different European countries
EFSA Supporting Publications · 1 mai 2010
Huybrechts I., et al.
https://doi.org/10.2903/sp.efsa.2010.EN-53Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of 4-Methylimidazole (CAS No. 822-36-6) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Feed Studies)
National Toxicology Program (NTP) · 2007
National Toxicology Program
https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/publications/reports/tr/tr535Caramel Colours
JECFA (FAO/WHO) · 2000
Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives
https://www.fao.org/fileadmin/user_upload/jecfa_additives/docs/Monograph1/Additive-102.pdfCaramel (21 CFR 182.1235) — Substances Generally Recognized as Safe
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) · 1973
U.S. Food and Drug Administration
https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-21/chapter-I/subchapter-B/part-182/subpart-B/section-182.1235
